THE COMACINA ISLAND: The significance of Isola Comacina, both religious and strategic, is unveiled during conflicts between the Eastern Romans (Byzantines) and the Lombards. In 569, Lombards crossed the Alps, swiftly occupying Northern Italy from Byzantine control. Wealthy Como residents sought refuge on Isola Comacina, led by General Francione, sustaining resistance with the Empire’s banner. The island rapidly developed with houses, churches, and fortifications. Throughout the Middle Ages, it gained economic and political importance, emerging as an independent power allied or in conflict with Como. Securing Emperor Frederick Barbarossa’s protection, Como invaded, causing massacres and destruction. Fortifications were irreparably demolished, and churches levelled. Additionally, the island faced excommunication by Bishop Vidulfo of Como. Later, it transitioned from the Bishopric to private ownership. In 1914, Augusto Giuseppe Caprani bequeathed it to King Albert I of Belgium, who, in May 1920, donated it to Italy. The Italian state designated it for Belgian and Italian artists, managed by the Brera Academy, with visible villas still dedicated to hosting artists and literati.